The NBA coach's challenge is not a general right to re-officiate a play. It is limited to specific called events, must be initiated through the required procedure, and cannot be used to challenge most non-calls.
The main challenge categories are personal fouls called on the challenging team, out-of-bounds calls that awarded possession to the other team, and called goaltending or basket interference. A coach cannot use the challenge just because the bench disliked the whole sequence.
A missed travel, missed foul, possible carry, double dribble, or uncalled three-second violation is generally not independently challengeable. The replay can sometimes review related matters once a proper challenge is triggered, but the challenge has to start from an allowed called event.
In the last two minutes of the fourth quarter and the last two minutes of overtime, certain replay areas are handled by official triggers rather than by a coach's challenge. Goaltending and basket-interference review has special late-game treatment under NBA replay rules.
A team must have a timeout to challenge. Because timeouts are strategically valuable, coaches have to decide whether the potential correction is worth the cost and whether the timing of the game makes the challenge more important.